The latitudinal zone within which a gradient reversal occurs encompasses the eastern deciduous forest of North America. PDF Latitudinal gradient in species richness 120 While over a hundred hypotheses have been proposed to explain the gradient (Willig et al., Truncated bimodal latitudinal diversity gradient in early ... A Reversed Latitudinal Diversity Gradient in Avian ... Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: Pattern, process, scale and synthesis. The 100 Most Cited NCEAS Publications | NCEAS' TrEAS ... Similarly, serious concerns about the erosion of biodiversity at global, regional, and local scales have catalyzed a considerable body of research in conservation biology (Chown & Gaston 2000). Deep-Sea Biodiversity: Pattern and Scale . Willig MR, Lyons SK (1998) An analytical model of latitudinal gradients of species richness with an empirical test for marsupials and bats in the New World. From a broad-scale perspective, the latitudinal gradient is one of the most widely accepted patterns in ecology [2,6,7,8]. Biological Communications publishes research in all areas of the biological sciences from classical disciplines botany and zoology to biotechnology given the research is of high quality. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34: 273-309. The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the largest scale and longest known patterns in ecology (e.g. R.D. Species numbers, a measure of biodiversity, decline towards both the North and South poles (Fig. 117 scale diversity patterns in ants. Willig MR, Kaufman DM, Stevens RD (2003) Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. It is bounded by two thresholds that probably represent reversals in the effect of seasonality on community diversity. Ecol. 1). Evaluation. Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: Pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. 3. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. Nonetheless, notable exceptions to the general pattern exist, and it is well recognized that patterns may be dependent on characteristics of spatial scale and taxonomic hierarchy. Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Graph data, and examine to look for patterns. [.] 4. View Article Google Scholar 27. Syst. We find a latitudinal gradient of floral disparity and a decoupling of disparity from species richness. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 34, 273-309. . Willig MR, Kaufmann DM, Stevens RD (2003) Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale and synthesis. Ecography, 19, 369 - 76. Here we show that when resampling a data set comprising 400,000 records for 3,046 Pyrenean floristic species at different scales of analysis (achieved by varying grain size and the extent of the gradients sampled), the derived species richness pattern changed progressively from hump-shaped to a monotonic pattern as the scale of extent diminished. Oikos 81:93-98. Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. (2003). Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. This gradient, which has been observed with varying intensity throughout Earth's history, is hypothesized to extend back through the Mesozoic and into the Paleozoic (Jablonski et al. Evol. (2003) Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34 : 273 - 309 . It seems then that latitudinal gradient in turnover is scale dependent in both space and time, and that latitudinal cline is reversed when the study extent increases from a narrow to a broader extent. Turnover in space and time seem to exhibit similar . Wright, N. S. You're reading a free preview. Latitudinal diversity gradients, however, differ for aboveground and belowground species 4, 5, 6 and, therefore, the number of species interacting aboveground and belowground will change with global position. Abstract The latitudinal gradient of decreasing richness from tropical to extratropical areas is ecology's longest recognized pattern. Background. Science 304: 831-833. Subscribe to read the entire article. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:273-309. LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS OF BIODIVERSITY: Pattern, Process, Scale, and Synthesis - Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34(1):273 来自 aem.asm.org 喜欢 0 2003;34(1):273-309. The hypotheses examined include (1) tropical niche conservatism, or the idea that the tropics are more diverse because a tropical clade origin has allowed more time for diversification in the tropics and has . 2003; 34: 273-309. Nonetheless, notable exceptions to the general pattern exist, and it is well recognized that patterns may be dependent on characteristics of spatial scale and taxonomic hierarchy. Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Broad recognition of the latitudinal gradient occurred in the 1800s, with an emphasis on quantification from the 1950s onward. — 1996 b: A sideways look at patterns in species richness, or why there are so few species outside the tropics. R.D. The LDG is one of the most widely recognized patterns in ecology. D. M. Kaufman, and R. D. Stevens, "Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis," Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, vol. Hillebrand H. On the generality of the latitudinal diversity gradient. and Gaston, K.J. Today, species richness is highest in the tropics and declines toward the poles. Patterns are scale-dependent , with the latitudinal biodiversity gradients apparently stronger when reported as γ (regional) than α (local) diversity . LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS OF BIODIVERSITY:Pattern,Process,Scale,and Synthesis M. Willig, Dawn M. Kaufman, R. Stevens Published 2003 Biology Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Abstract The latitudinal gradient of decreasing richness from tropical to extratropical areas is ecology's longest recognized pattern. Willig, M. R., D. M. Kaufmann, and R. D. Stevens. Latitudinal Gradients of Biodiversity: Pattern, Process, Scale, and Synthesis. Biology». of Pages 9 Review The latitudinal biodiversity gradient through deep time Philip D. Mannion1, Paul Upchurch2, Roger B.J. (2003) Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the latitudinal biodiversity gradient may be one of the most important challenges for biologists in the 21st . Furthermore, fossil latitudinal biodiversity gradients of molluscs from the past 145 million years show that, over geological timescales, warmer-than-modern ocean climates with sea surface temperatures . 2004;163(2):192-211. The distribution of all variables was fit with a quadratic model of the spatial gradient and the coefficient of determination (R 2) is given.All predictors are plotted against latitude, including the arcsine square-root transformation (asnsqr) of the proportion of the watershed covered by (d) wetlands and (e . One such pattern is the decline of biodiversity with low latitudes; a phenomenon termed the "latitudinal diversity gradient" (LDG) (Connolly 2009). Recent decades have seen a remarkable increase in the number of studies examining biodiversity in nature. Annu. The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the largest scale and longest known patterns in ecology (e.g. Geodiversity encompasses abiotic components of the Earth's critical zone, specifically the lithosphere (brown), atmosphere (red), hydrosphere (blue) and cryosphere (grey) (Natural Resources Council, 2001; Parks & Mulligan, 2010).
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