In the bowl of a stand mixer, cream the cold butter and sugars together until they are pale brown and fluffy. It takes a while, at least 4 minutes, and your mixer will work hard.
Add the vanilla extract and vanilla bean if you are using it. (I almost always increase the amount of vanilla in recipes that have chocolate.)
Add the eggs, one at a time and mix well before adding the next egg.
Mix the salt, baking powder, baking soda, and cardamom (if using) with the flour, then add the flour to the bowl of the mixer.
With the mixer on low speed, mix in the flour until it is barely incorporated. The mixer bowl will be almost overflowing. You won't think it will all fit the first time you make these cookies
Add the chocolate chips/chunks/nibs all at once and mix until they are incorporated. Stop as soon as there are no white flour spots, and the chocolate looks evenly distributed.
Dump the dough onto your counter and divide it into 6 equal balls. You can eyeball this. If you have the perfectionist thing, weigh the balls.
Form each ball into a fat log 8 inches long. Wrap in plastic wrap and chill for at least 30 minutes (overnight is better) before baking. Preheat the oven to 350 now. Freeze the logs you don't intend to bake now.
Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Unwrap the chilled log and slice into 8, one-inch slices. Place the discs on a cookie sheet and ever so slightly, sprinkle with Kosher salt.
Bake for 10 - 12 minutes, the edges will be brown, but the center will still be gooey. Sprinkle them again with Kosher salt when they come out of the oven.
If It's winter, put them outside to cool rapidly. Otherwise, drag the parchment paper off the cookie tray and let them cool.