citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf. Many cultivars are available that produce mature fruit within 100 days of planting. [19], Seedless watermelons were initially developed in 1939 by Japanese scientists who were able to create seedless triploid hybrids which remained rare initially because they did not have sufficient disease resistance. These fruits are either eaten by simply peeling off the skin, or are squeezed to make juice. Spanish settlers were growing it in Florida in 1576, and it was being grown in Massachusetts by 1629, and by 1650 was being cultivated in Peru, Brazil and Panama, as well as in many British and Dutch colonies. Its oblong shape and hard rind made it easy to stack and ship. The flowers are unisexual, with male and female flowers occurring on the same plant (monoecious). Many cultivars are no longer grown commercially because of their thick rind, but seeds may be available among home gardeners and specialty seed companies. The white to yellow flowers grow singly in the leaf axils and the corolla is white or yellow inside and greenish-yellow on the outside. [2], The watermelon is a large annual plant with long, weak, trailing or climbing stems which are five-angled (five-sided) and up to 3 m (10 ft) long. Solitary flowers with large, yellow petals of around 2-10 millimeters are randomly dispersed forming many seeded fruit with a variegated light green and dark green pattern. The male flowers predominate at the beginning of the season; the female flowers, which develop later, have inferior ovaries. Since the supply of viable pollen is reduced and pollination is much more critical in producing the seedless variety, the recommended number of hives per acre (pollinator density) increases to three hives per acre (1,300 m2 per hive). and the bitter wooly melon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Leaves are 60 to 200 millimetres (2 1⁄4 to 7 3⁄4 inches) long and 40 to 150 mm (1 1⁄2 to 6 in) wide. The variety known as tsamma is grown for its juicy white flesh. It is grown as food in Africa, especially dry or desert regions, including South Africa. It has a light green rind with jagged dark green stripes. The result, in 1954, was "that gray melon from Charleston". The plant has branching tendrils. The time and place of its first domestication is unknown, but it appears to have been grown in ancient Egypt at least four thousand years ago. [45] Secondary producers included Iran, Turkey, and Brazil. [54], The amino acid citrulline is produced in watermelon rind. is a synonym of C. amarus Schrad. The meat of the melon is more whitish and dense, though, and much stronger in flavor, akin more to the area on a domesticated watermelon where the red meat is just turning into the white rind. [6], The species has two varieties, watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) [4], European colonists and slaves from Africa introduced the watermelon to the New World. The 'Cream of Saskatchewan' has small, round fruits about 25 cm (10 in) in diameter. The variety was an important food source for travellers in the Kalahari Desert. (Here's more about why beets are … & Nakai, was accepted by the nomenclature committee and confirmed at the International Botanical Congress in 2017. [12] It was reassigned to the genus Citrullus in 1916 by Japanese botanists Jinzō Matsumura and Takenoshin Nakai. C. naudinianus (Sond.) The citron melon or makataan – a variety with sweet yellow flesh that is cultivated around the world for fodder, and the production of citron peel and pectin.[2]. Watermelon pulp contains carotenoids, including lycopene. For the citrus fruit, see citron. Citrus fruits are edible fruits that belong to the genus Citrus, and family Rutaceae. Additionally, other wild species have bitter fruit containing cucurbitacin. from South African arid regions, while the sweet watermelon is closer to Citrullus mucosospermus (Fursa) Fursa from West Africa and populations from Sudan. [4][5], A bitter watermelon has become naturalized in semiarid regions of several continents, and is designated as a "pest plant" in parts of Western Australia where they are called "pig melon". The watermelon is a citrus fruit in the curcurbitacae family, the same family as the cucumber. What Fruits Are Not Citrus? It is not a form of the sweet watermelon C. vulgaris and not closely related to that species. All rights reserved -. by L.H. citroides; C. vulgaris var. [48], The seeds have a nutty flavor and can be dried and roasted, or ground into flour. Renner, S. S., A. Sousa, and G. Chomicki. [citation needed], The actual fruit of this plant resembles the more modern, domesticated watermelons, except that it is smaller and more spheroid. [2], Another variety known as karkoer or bitterboela is unpalatable to humans, but the seeds may be eaten. [16] Watermelons were cultivated for their high water content and were stored to be eaten during dry seasons. DNA data reveal that C. lanatus var. [23] Lack of pollen is thought to contribute to "hollow heart" which causes the flesh of the watermelon to develop a large hole, sometimes in an intricate, symmetric shape. Considerable breeding effort has developed disease-resistant varieties. [29] It is a highly cultivated fruit worldwide, having more than 1,000 varieties. Only vitamin C is present in appreciable content at 10% of the Daily Value (table). It was originally brought to. The pH scale was designed to measure acidity, in this case for fruits. It has a thin, light and dark green striped rind, and sweet white flesh with black seeds. ex Eckl. Watermelons were rapidly accepted in Hawaii and other Pacific islands when they were introduced there by explorers such as Captain James Cook. These are yellow, and greenish on the back. Plants have both male and female flowers on 40-millimetre-long (1 1⁄2 in) hairy stalks. The average selling price is generally around 25,000 yen ($250). Matsum. [7] Molecular data including sequences from the original collection of Thunberg and other relevant type material, show that the sweet watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) [20] Seedless watermelons became more popular in the 21st century, rising to nearly 85% of total watermelon sales in the United States in 2014.[21]. In early times, countries in the Mediterranean region were leading producers of these fruits. Taxon 66(6): 1393-1405. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species", "The 5,000-Year Secret History of the Watermelon", "On eating watermelon in front of white people: "I'm not as free as I thought, "Square watermelons Japan. The 'Carolina Cross' produced the current world record for heaviest watermelon, weighing 159 kg (351 lb). The large fruit is a kind of modified berry called a pepo with a thick rind (exocarp) and fleshy center (mesocarp and endocarp). citroides[1] and Citrullus amarus,[2] fodder melon,[2] preserving melon,[2] red-seeded citron,[1] jam melon,[1] stock melon,[2] Kalahari melon[3] or tsamma melon. It is a highly cultivated fruit worldwide, having more than 1,000 varieties. [44] The largest recorded fruit was grown in Tennessee in 2013 and weighed 159 kilograms (351 pounds). A List of Fruits With Low Citrus Levels | Livestrong.com Try apples, pears, watermelon and berries. The rind is black with no stripes or spots. ), originated with the erroneous synonymization of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) In June 2008, one of the first harvested watermelons was sold at an auction for 650,000 yen (US$6,300), making it the most expensive watermelon ever sold. Watermelons suffering from hollow heart are safe to consume. [4] It is especially useful for fruit preserves, because it has a high pectin content.[5]. [26] Pyramid-shaped watermelons have also been developed and any polyhedral shape may potentially be used. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, a vine-like flowering plant originally domesticated in Africa. Those who have problems with acid reflux will definitely want to avoid eating fruits like oranges and lemons because of the high level of citric acid in them. It can grow well in cool climates. & Nakai are not closely related to each other. It is known in the southern plains states of the USA as pine melon, as well as citron melon. The leaves are large, coarse, hairy pinnately-lobed and alternate; they get stiff and rough when old. The sweet, juicy flesh is usually deep red to pink, with many black seeds, although seedless varieties exist. [citation needed]. Its fruit has a hard white flesh, rendering it less likely to be eaten raw; more often it is pickled or used to make fruit preserves, and is used for cattle feed. [2], This is Linnaeus's sweet watermelon; it has been grown for human consumption for thousands of years. C. caffer Schrad. Watermelons are plants grown in climates from tropical to temperate, needing temperatures higher than about 25 °C (77 °F) to thrive. [55][56], Flower stems of male and female watermelon blossoms, showing ovary on the female, Watermelon and other fruit in Boris Kustodiev's Merchant's Wife, Watermelon out for sale in Maa Kochilei Market, Rasulgarh, Odisha, India, A large fruit with a smooth hard rind, of the gourd family.
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