His Abwehr connections helped Schindler protect his Jewish workers from deportation and death in the Nazi concentration camps. He received a few other awards, including the Order of Merit of Germany. Schindler grew up in Zwittau, Moravia, and worked in several trades until he joined the Abwehr, the military intelligence service of Nazi Germany, in 1936. When he went bankrupt in 1958, Schindler left his wife and returned to Germany, where he failed at several business ventures and relied on financial support from Schindlerjuden ("Schindler Jews")—the people whose lives he had saved during the war. He lived in several cities in Germany. He was held for most of a week and released. "[48], Płaszów concentration camp opened in March 1943 on the former site of two Jewish cemeteries on Jerozilimska Street, about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the DEF factory. His job was to collect information about military activity and infrastructure in Czechoslovakia. [29] Schindler also helped run Schlomo Wiener Ltd, a wholesale outfit that sold his enamelware, and was leaseholder of Prokosziner Glashütte, a glass factory. [72][73], In January 1945 a trainload of 250 Jews who had been rejected as workers at a mine in Goleschau in Poland arrived at Brünnlitz. [88] Schindler, along with Karl Plagge,[89] Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz,[90] Helmut Kleinicke,[91] and Hans Walz[92] are among the few Nazi Party members to be given this award. [105], In 1997 a suitcase belonging to Schindler containing historic photographs and documents was discovered in the attic of the apartment of Ami and Heinrich Staehr in Hildesheim. [80] Virtually destitute, he moved briefly to Regensburg and later Munich, but did not prosper in postwar Germany. They eventually became lifelong friends. Description: Oskar Schlegel Jr. is the son of Oskar Schindler. He stayed married to her his entire life, although they often lived apart. [13] He was involved in espionage in the months leading up to Hitler's seizure of the remainder of Czechoslovakia in March. Oskar Schindler and his wife were named Righteous Among the Nations, an award given by Israel to non-Jews who helped Jews during the war. [30], Schindler's ties with the Abwehr and his connections in the Wehrmacht and its Armaments Inspectorate enabled him to obtain contracts to produce enamel cookware for the military. Oskar Jr Schlegel: Oskar Schlegel Jr. is the son of Oskar Schindler. [25][26] He initially acquired a staff of seven Jewish workers (including Abraham Bankier, who helped him manage the company[27]) and 250 non-Jewish Poles. Oskar Schindler passed away on October 9, 1974. His mother, Franziska, was a homemaker. At first, he employed Jews at the factory because they were cheaper than Polish workers. Many were murdered in Auschwitz and the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. When officials from the Armaments Ministry questioned the factory's low output, Schindler bought finished goods on the black market and resold them as his own. Oskar Schindler (28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974) was a German industrialist and a member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories in occupied Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Oskar Schindler was born in the town of Zwittau, Austria-Hungary, on April 28, 1908. Schindler, aware of the plans because of his Wehrmacht contacts, had his workers stay at the factory overnight to prevent them coming to harm. The ring was inscribed "Whoever saves one life saves the world entire. A fan of motorcycles since his youth, Schindler bought a 250-cc Moto Guzzi racing motorcycle and competed recreationally in mountain races for the next few years. Göth's personal secretary, Mietek Pemper, alerted Schindler to the Nazis' plans to close all factories not directly involved in the war effort, including Schindler's enamelware facility. It won seven Academy Awards. Most of them were sent to the Bełżec extermination camp and murdered. [110], German industrialist and Righteous Among the Nations. After extensive research and interviews with surviving Schindlerjuden, his 1982 historical novel Schindler's Ark (published in the United States as Schindler's List) was the result. [12], After some time off to recover in Zwittau, Schindler was promoted to second in command of his Abwehr unit and relocated with his wife to Ostrava (Ostrau), on the Czech-Polish border, in January 1939. Other awards include the German Order of Merit (1966). Emilie took the survivors into the factory and cared for them in a makeshift hospital until the end of the war. Using his connections, Schindler managed to build camps in his factory where the Jewish workers could be safe. The next year, he became an official member of the Nazi Party. He had many affairs with other women. [38] Later he began shielding his workers without regard for cost. Instead, he took courses in Brno in several trades, including chauffeuring and machinery, and worked for his father for three years. Schindler used his connections and bribery to relocate his factory to the village of Brunnlitz. [8], His tasks for the Abwehr included collecting information on railways, military installations, and troop movements, as well as recruiting other spies within Czechoslovakia, in advance of a planned invasion of the country by Nazi Germany. [2] The young couple moved in with Oskar's parents and occupied the upstairs rooms, where they lived for the next seven years. [56] Göth had been arrested on 13 September 1944 for corruption and other abuses of power, and Schindler's arrest was part of the ongoing investigation into Göth's activities. In 1943, he traveled to Budapest. [22] Schindler showed Stern the balance sheet of a company he was thinking of acquiring, an enamelware factory called Rekord Ltd[a] owned by a consortium of Jewish businessmen that had filed for bankruptcy earlier that year. He was also given a ring, made using gold from dental work taken out of the mouth of Schindlerjude Simon Jeret. Bankier, Stern, and several others prepared a statement he could present to the Americans attesting to his role in saving Jewish lives. [60][61], As the Red Army drew nearer in July 1944, the SS began closing down the easternmost concentration camps and evacuating the remaining prisoners westward to Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen concentration camp. [62][63][64][65], On 15 October 1944 a train carrying 700 men on Schindler's list was initially sent to the concentration camp at Gross-Rosen, where the men spent about a week before being re-routed to the factory in Brünnlitz. He was buried on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. Although never registered as their father due to his not believing he was such, Oskar might have still payed money to Aurelie to help the children. Emilie maintained the apartment in Ostrava and visited Oskar in Kraków at least once a week. [b] He renamed it Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik (German Enamelware Factory) or DEF, and it soon became known by the nickname "Emalia". [66] Three hundred female Schindlerjuden were similarly sent to Auschwitz, where they were in imminent danger of being sent to the gas chambers. He died on 9 October 1974 in Hildesheim, Germany, and was buried in Jerusalem on Mount Zion, the only former member of the Nazi Party to be honoured in this way. He had many affairs with other women. He was arrested for espionage by the Czechoslovak government but was released under the terms of the Munich Agreement in 1938. A repentant opportunist saw the light and rebelled against the sadism and vile criminality all around him. [78] They continued by train and on foot until they reached the American lines at the town of Lenora, and then travelled to Passau, where an American Jewish officer arranged for them to travel to Switzerland by train. Soon, he started to feel sorry for them genuinely. By July 1944, Germany was losing the war; the SS began closing down the easternmost concentration camps and deporting the remaining prisoners westward. These Jews were then forced to leave their traditional neighbourhood of Kazimierz and relocate to the walled Kraków Ghetto, established in the industrial Podgórze district. Only those who had jobs directly related to the German war effort would be allowed to stay. In fact, he was reduced to receiving assistance from Jewish organisations. [3], Schindler joined the separatist Sudeten German Party in 1935. From that point forward, says Schindlerjude Sol Urbach, Schindler "changed his mind about the Nazis. He spent the rest of his life living from the donations that were sent to him by Jewish organizations.
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