For the radio programme, see, "Demus" redirects here. The prominence of Durga puja increased during the British Raj in Bengal. [89] In parts of Java, she is known as Loro Jonggrang (literally, "slender maiden"). These have been dated to be from 6th century onwards. This tradition has been continued by Sri Lankan diaspora. In Sri Lanka, Durga in the form of Vaishnavi, bearing Vishnu's iconographic symbolism is celebrated. [65], In Vaishnavism, Durga whose mount is Lion, is considered as one of the three aspects or forms of Goddess Lakshmi, the other two being Sri and Bhu. [23][24], She has a significant following all over India, Bangladesh and Nepal, particularly in its eastern states such as West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, Assam and Bihar. [78][79][80] The Tantric traditions of Buddhism included Durga and developed the idea further. Williams, Tribe and Wynne; Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, chapter 7, Charles Phillips, Michael Kerrigan & David Gould 2011, Charles Russell Coulter & Patricia Turner 2013, Durga Battling the Buffalo Demon: Iconography, Overview Of World Religions – Devotion to Durga, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durga&oldid=987129508, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 02:50. She is imagined to be terrifying and destructive when she has to be, but benevolent and nurturing when she needs to be. He captured heaven and was not in any kind of fear, as he thought women to be powerless and weak. Goddess Durga was created to combat the evil demon Mahishasura. [16], Durga appears in Hindu mythology in numerous forms and names, but ultimately all these are different aspects and manifestations of one goddess. Durga and its derivatives are found in sections 4.1.99 and 6.3.63 of the Ashtadhyayi by Pāṇini, the ancient Sanskrit grammarian, and in the commentary of Nirukta by Yaska. [44] Various Puranas from the early to late 1st millennium CE dedicate chapters of inconsistent mythologies associated with Durga. Thus gods have established me in many places with many homes to enter and abide in. [27] It is related to the word Durg (दुर्ग) which means "fortress, something difficult to defeat or pass". The four-day-long Durga Puja is a major annual festival in Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Jharkhand and Bihar. Sri consisted of sattva, Bhu as rajas and Durga as tamas". He is the founder of the Ramakrishna Mission. I am the Queen, the gatherer-up of treasures, most thoughtful, first of those who merit worship. – Devi Sukta, Rigveda 10.125.3 – 10.125.8,[39][40][41], Devi's epithets synonymous with Durga appear in Upanishadic literature, such as Kali in verse 1.2.4 of the Mundaka Upanishad dated to about the 5th century BCE. [68] Dashain is the longest national holiday of Nepal, and is a public holiday in Sikkim and Bhutan. [56][57] In Hindu arts, this tranquil attribute of Durga's face is traditionally derived from the belief that she is protective and violent not because of her hatred, egotism or getting pleasure in violence, but because she acts out of necessity, for the love of the good, for liberation of those who depend on her, and a mark of the beginning of soul's journey to creative freedom. When Durga emerged from the waters of the holy Ganga as a spirit, she was given a physical form by all the gods put together. [42] She appears in Harivamsa in the form of Vishnu's eulogy, and in Pradyumna prayer. Devi Maa Mahagauri – Peace and compassion radiate from Her being and She is often dressed in a white or green sari. Her face was created by Lord Shiva and her torso crafted by Indra. About Maa Durga In Hindu mythology, Durga is a fierce form of Devi, the Mother Goddess, the all-powerful almighty goddess. European traders and colonial era references. Durga on her lion, reached before Mahishasura's palace. Her icon shows her in action, yet her face is calm and serene. [82] In Tibet, the goddess Palden Lhamo is similar to the protective and fierce Durga. However, most differ from the Indian representation in one detail. For example, Durg is the name of an Asura who had become invincible to gods, and Durga is the goddess who intervenes and slays him. I created all worlds at my will, without any higher being, and permeate and dwell within them. In Nepal, the festival dedicated to Durga is called Dashain (sometimes spelled as Dasain), which literally means "the ten". Of these, Chandika has two forms called Chandi and of Chamunda who is a form of Kali created by the goddess for killing demons Chanda and Munda. She is present in pop culture and blockbuster Bollywood movies like Jai Santoshi Maa. Traditionally, the festival is celebrated over 15 days, the first nine-day are spent by the faithful by remembering Durga and her ideas, the tenth day marks Durga's victory over Mahisura, and the last five days celebrate the victory of good over evil.[68]. The Times of India News App for Latest Astrology News, Copyright © 2020 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. The festival includes animal sacrifice in some communities, as well as the purchase of new clothes and gift giving. The three principal forms of Durga worshiped are Maha Durga, Chandika and Aparajita. The devas gave her a copy of their weapons. I rouse and order battle for the people, I created Earth and Heaven and reside as their Inner Controller. Mahishasura then thought for a while and asked a boon that only a woman should be able to kill him. [74] After the Hindu reformists identified Durga with India, she became an icon for the Indian independence movement. [49], Epigraphical evidence indicates that regardless of her origins, Durga is an ancient goddess. Mother India is viewed as a form of Durga. [28] Durga as a demon-slaying goddess was likely well established by the time the classic Hindu text called Devi Mahatmya was composed, which scholars variously estimate to between 400 and 600 CE. [90], In Cambodia, during its era of Hindu kings, Durga was popular and numerous sculptures of her have been found. [95][96], "Mahisasuramardini" redirects here. The 6th-century CE inscriptions in early Siddhamatrika script, such as at the Nagarjuni hill cave during the Maukhari era, already mention the legend of her victory over Mahishasura (buffalo-hybrid demon). Durga (Sanskrit: दुर्गा, IAST: Durgā), identified a principal and popular form of the Hindu Goddess Parvati. Though he was a demon he was a follower of Lord Brahma. [92][93], Durga is a major goddess in Hinduism, and the inspiration of Durga Puja – a large annual festival particularly in the eastern and northeastern states of India.[94]. [85] In the Ellora Caves, the Jain temples feature Durga with her lion mount. [66] While anthropomorphic icons of her, such as those showing her riding a lion and holding weapons, are common, the Hindu traditions use aniconic forms and geometric designs (yantra) to remember and revere what she symbolises. [2][16] One of the most important texts of Shaktism is Devi Mahatmya, also known as Durgā Saptashatī or Chandi patha, which celebrates Durga as the goddess, declaring her as the supreme being and the creator of the universe. Her breasts were made by Chandra and her teeth by Brahma. Maha Durga has three forms: Ugrachanda, Bhadrakali and Katyayani. Durga is present in Indian Nationalism where Bharat Mata i.e. According to Monier Monier-Williams, Durga is derived from the roots dur (difficult) and gam (pass, go through). Her iconography typically resonates with these attributes, where she rides a lion or a tiger,[3] has between eight and eighteen hands, each holding a weapon to destroy and create. Any woman who takes up a cause to fight for goodness and justice is said to have the spirit of Durga in her. Her temples, worship and festivals are particularly popular in eastern and northeastern parts of Indian subcontinent during Durga puja, Dashain and Navaratri. Durga as the mother goddess is the inspiration behind the song Vande Mataram, written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, during Indian independence movement, later the official national song of India. [73], This festival is an old tradition of Hinduism, though it is unclear how and in which century the festival began. [76], According to scholars, over its history, Buddhist Tantric traditions have adopted several Hindu deities into it's fold. In Hinduism, Shaktas believe Durga as ultimate reality called Brahman. A primitive form of Durga, according to Chanda, was the result of "syncretism of a mountain-goddess worshiped by the dwellers of the Himalaya and the Vindhyas", a deity of the Abhiras conceptualised as a war-goddess. [29], One famous shloka states the definition and origin of the term 'Durga': "Durge durgati nashini", meaning Durga is the one who destroys all distress. [61] These weapons are considered symbolic by Shakta Hindus, representing self-discipline, selfless service to others, self-examination, prayer, devotion, remembering her mantras, cheerfulness and meditation. [2] According to professor Tracy Pintchman, "When the Lord Vishnu created the gunas of prakriti, there arose Lakshmi in her three forms, Sri, Bhu and Durga. Most of my article covers Parenting, Mom Care, Style & Fashion and Mom Beauty Secrets. [57][58][59], Durga traditionally holds the weapons of various male gods of Hindu mythology, which they give her to fight the evil forces because they feel that she is the shakti (energy, power). All Rights Reserved. and "Kaali Mata ki Jai!". The Durga puja is an occasion of major private and public festivities in the eastern and northeastern states of India. Since it is celebrated during Sharad (literally, season of weeds), it is called as Sharadiya Durga Puja or Akal-Bodhan to differentiate it from the one celebrated originally in spring. [17][18][19] Estimated to have been composed between 400 and 600 CE,[20][21][22] this text is considered by Shakta Hindus to be as important a scripture as the Bhagavad Gita. [6][8] Durga is also a fierce form of the protective mother goddess, who unleashes her divine wrath against the wicked for the liberation of the oppressed, and entails destruction to empower creation.[9]. [91], Durga statues have been discovered at stone temples and archaeological sites in Vietnam, likely related to Champa or Cham dynasty era. [4][25] It is scheduled per the Hindu luni-solar calendar in the month of Ashvin,[69] and typically falls in September or October. Goddess Durga is considered by Hindus as the mother of the universe. They all together combined their power and created a warrior woman with many hands. She is a goddess of war, the warrior form of Parvati, whose mythology centres around combating evils and demonic forces that threaten peace, prosperity, and Dharma the power of good over evil. [10][11][12] [28] According to Alain Daniélou, Durga means "beyond defeat". Deumus is sometimes interpreted as an aspect of Durga in Hindu mythology and sometimes as deva.
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