One of the main uses is myocardial perfusion imaging. It is used in photoelectric cells and as a “getter” in electron tubes to scavenge the traces of sealed-in gases. [42], Rubidium has been used for polarizing 3He, producing volumes of magnetized 3He gas, with the nuclear spins aligned rather than random. Rubidium, however, is more widely scattered and seldom forms a natural mineral; it is found only as an impurity in other minerals, ranging in content up to 5 percent in such minerals as lepidolite, pollucite, and carnallite. [50] Rubidium-82 has a very short half-life of 76 seconds, and the production from decay of strontium-82 must be done close to the patient. Natural rubidium makes up about 0.01 percent of Earth’s crust; it exists as a mixture of two isotopes: rubidium-85 (72.15 percent) and the radioactive rubidium-87 (27.85 percent), which emits beta rays with a half-life of about 6 × 1011 years. [35] Since then, the most important use of rubidium is research and development, primarily in chemical and electronic applications. [61][62], William A. Hart |title=The Chemistry of Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, and Francium |page=371, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, most abundant element in the Earth's crust, "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", "Electrical conductivity of the Elements", "Reactions of Group 1 Elements with Oxygen", "On the Possible Radioactivity of Erbium, Potassium and Rubidium", "Lithium, cesium, and rubidium—The rare alkali metals", "Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen", "C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table – Cesium", "Ueber die Darstellung und die Eigenschaften des Rubidiums", "Press Release: The 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics", "Cornell, Ketterle, and Wieman Share Nobel Prize for Bose-Einstein Condensates", "Special Materials in Pyrotechnics, Part II: Application of Caesium and Rubidium Compounds in Pyrotechnics", "Bose-Einstein condensation (all 20 articles)", "Neutron spin filters based on polarized helium-3", "Parametric modulation of an atomic magnetometer", "Effects of rubidium chloride on the course of manic-depressive illness", "The Physiological Behavior of Rubidium and Cesium in Relation to That of Potassium", "A pharmacokinetic analysis of long-term administration of rubidium chloride", "Histological Effects in rats resulting from adding Rubidium or Cesium to a diet deficient in potassium", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&oldid=983660142, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 October 2020, at 14:18. Rb(s) + O 2 (g) → RbO 2 (s) Primarily a potassium carbonate, this by-product also contains approximately 23 percent rubidium and 3 percent cesium carbonates. Reaction of rubidium with air. Corrections? IUPAC: Rubidium Hydroxide. Rubidium is a very soft, silvery-white metal in the alkali metal group. A large number of radioactive isotopes have been artificially prepared, from rubidium-79 to rubidium-95. They presumed that it was a subchloride (Rb2Cl); however, the product was probably a colloidal mixture of the metal and rubidium chloride. What is the chemical formula for the compound formed between rubidium and oxygen? [33][34], Rubidium had minimal industrial value before the 1920s. The quality of this research in the 1860s can be appraised by the fact that their determined density differs by less than 0.1 g/cm3 and the melting point by less than 1 °C from the presently accepted values. Its desirable features for this application include the ready availability of inexpensive diode laser light at the relevant wavelength and the moderate temperatures required to obtain substantial vapor pressures. Alkarb contained 21% rubidium, with the rest being potassium and a small amount of caesium. [19], Rubidium was discovered in 1861 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, in Heidelberg, Germany, in the mineral lepidolite through flame spectroscopy. [48] Rubidium is also used as an ingredient in special types of glass, in the production of superoxide by burning in oxygen, in the study of potassium ion channels in biology, and as the vapor in atomic magnetometers. These rubidium standards are often used with GPS to produce a "primary frequency standard" that has greater accuracy and is less expensive than caesium standards. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! [55][56], Rubidium reacts violently with water and can cause fires. Rubidium vapor is optically pumped by a laser, and the polarized Rb polarizes 3He through the hyperfine interaction. If a metal sample has a large enough surface area, it can burn to form superoxides. Updates? Rubidium is the second most reactive metal and is very soft, with a silvery-white lustre. [30], The two scientists used the rubidium chloride to estimate that the atomic weight of the new element was 85.36 (the currently accepted value is 85.47). Rubidium forms two other oxides (Rb2O and Rb2O3). Is optically pumped by a laser, and the polarized Rb polarizes 3He through the hyperfine interaction 87Rb... Was tested for the compound formed between rubidium and oxygen the second reactive. Had minimal industrial value before the 1920s in the development of commercial.... 720 mg per day for 60 days, chemical element of group (... And 3 percent cesium carbonates get with a silvery-white lustre was pyrophoric, they able... 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