The first cause is not a plurality of causes, d. Not based on a legitimate method of reasoning, b. (4) But if this is true there would also be nothing in exis- The actual is. Without direction b. That is, the very meaning of several of the concepts from Aquinas' time have fundamentally changed because of our scientific knowledge. My shirt doesn't exist because its greenness exists, but the other way around. d. an infinite series. Every attempted refutation I have found misunderstands some fundamental concept of Aquinas', and therefore argues against a straw-man. We need to face disasters without assistance, otherwise we would become dependent on an outside power for aid, c. God’s intervention would destroy people’s moral urgency to make things right, c. God would have to see to it that such disasters occur, d. God would be obliged to maintain such a paradise, a. According to Pascal, when it comes to the question of God’s existence. Aquinas understands Contingency and Necessity by means of Potential and Actual. When something changes, there must be some unity that remains unchanged. Contingency demands Necessity. So with that assumption he can establish the next reasoning: There must exist a being which is necessary to cause contingent beings. I have been researching Aquinas' cosmological argument from contingency, trying to find a good counter-argument. But by its own nature, my shirt is contingent, for the colour can change. If all things were capable of not existing, then there was a time when nothing existed. Some things in the universe are capable of existing and not existing. These refer to change. Only a small amount of evil would be necessary to give us this knowledge, d. Large amounts of evil are necessary to give us this knowledge, d. You win infinite happiness and lose nothing, c. He had no right to believe on insufficient evidence, a. God. There is more suffering in the world than is needed to produce these virtues, b. Some things in the universe are capable of existing and not existing. The potential is not yet, but can become. "Empty space" is inherently unstable. Seems to be no threat to Anselm’s argument, b. a. I mean that it isn't off topic. K����a! That is some of Aquinas' fundamental concepts are invalid. Thus invalidating premise number 2) establishing then that every being (object) can be contigent, proving the conclusion in 4) false. According to Russell, as soon as people hold any belief for some other reason than that it is true, According to Russell, the dangers of Soviet and Christian doctrines arise from, According to Russell, the contention that Christianity has had a positive moral influence can be maintained only by, According to Russell, those who appeal to “true” Christianity selectively ignore much that is to be found in, b. I guess that the problem is that you want to find the counter argument inside the fallacy, when to establish the fallacy you have to look beyond what it says but that is taken as granted, as an unmentioned axiom. According to Aquinas, if all things are capable of not existing, there was a time when. All that is cannot be contingent, as by its nature it exists in necessity. Press J to jump to the feed. According to Pascal, if you bet that God exists, and he does in fact exist, According to Pascal, it would be irrational, According to Clifford, what the shipowner did was wrong because, According to Clifford, we have a duty to proportion our belief to the evidence, According to Clifford, even if a belief that guides an action is true, the holder of that belief is still guilty of wrongdoing if, According to Clifford, those who have acquired a belief when they have no right to believe on such evidence as is before them have, According to James, in cases where there are no forced options, it’s best to, According to James, the desire for a certain kind of truth can, According to Flew, theological utterances may look like assertions, but, Flew says that if there is nothing that a putative assertion denies, then, According to Mitchell, theological utterances, According to Plantinga, the two premises of the evidentialist objection to belief in God are (1) that it is irrational or unreasonable to accept theistic belief without sufficient evidence and (2) that, According to Plantinga, the evidentialist objection to theistic belief is typically rooted in, According to Plantinga, in the right circumstances, a properly basic belief could be, According to Kierkegaard, the truth in its highest form is, According to Kierkegaard, without risk, there is no, According to Kierkegaard, the objective uncertainty, held fast in an appropriation process of the most passionate inwardness, is, According to Kierkegaard, the object of faith is, According to Martin, Craig’s views enable him to blame atheists for, According to Martin, Craig’s explanation of “the experience of the Holy Spirit” is, According to Martin, that people’s experiences of the Holy Spirit seem veridical shows, According to Martin, Craig may assume the dubious notion that what a person believes is. Conversely, whatever can change is contingent. Necessary being is fully actualized, and is therefore eternal and immutable; it is incapable of change. b. Nothing begat something in the universe, b. Change is the movement from potential to actual. From a) and b) you can establish circularity as a perfectly working system and syllogism. But anything that doesn’t exist can only come into being through the agency of something that does exist. The universe is finite in the past and began to exist, c. The universe began to exist and therefore had a cause, d. The universe arose from a vacuum fluctuation, a. Philosophy of Mind: The Mind-Body Problem. According to Aquinas, if allthings are capable of not existing, there was a time when. I have yet to find one. b. nothing begat something in the universe. There are many refutations of his other two arguments (first cause and first motion), but I haven't been able to find a satisfactory argument against contingency.
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