Constans II has been listed as a level-5 vital article in People, Politicians. [3] After the death of Constantine III's father Heraclius, Constantine ruled with his half-brother Heraklonas through Heraclius' second marriage to Martina. He organized the Anatolikon and Opsikion themes in Asia Minor against the Arabs, who continued to tear away at imperial possessions. Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. Treadgold, Warren. Viking Therapeutics Earnings, [6] In 648 the Arabs raided into Phrygia, and in 649 they launched their first maritime expedition against Crete. Constans owed his rise to the throne to a popular reaction against his uncle and to the protection of the soldiers led by the general Under Constans, the Byzantines completely withdrew from Constans attempted to steer a middle line in the church dispute between Orthodoxy and Monothelitism by refusing to persecute either and prohibiting further discussion of the natures of In 658, with the eastern frontier under less pressure, Constans defeated the Now Constans could turn to church matters once again. In 659 he campaigned far to the east, taking advantage of a rebellion against the Caliphate in Media. A brief usurpation in Sicily by Mezezius was quickly suppressed by the new emperor. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Check out Britannica's new site for parents! Constans II (Greek: Κώνστας Β', Kōnstas II Latin: Heraclius Constantinus or Flavius Constantinus Augustus); 7 November 630 – 15 September 668), also called Constantine the Bearded (Kōnstantinos Pogonatos), was Byzantine Emperor from 641 to 668. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. However, having attracted the hatred of the citizens of Constantinople, Constans decided to leave the capital and to move to Syracuse in Sicily. He also was the last emperor to become consul … In 648 CE Constans passed an imperial edict, the Typos, which was designed to pacify the opponents of Monotheletism (that Christ had a single will) in the Church and close the endless and harmful debate that had been raging for half a century. In 654, however, Muawiyah renewed his raids by sea, plundering Rhodes. Madison Mallards Stadium, However, his name was Herakleios. Pope Martin I had condemned both Monothelitism and Constans' attempt to halt debates over it in the Lateran Council of 649. He was the last emperor to serve as consul, in 642. pp. Sailing with a Byzantine fleet, the emperor was horrified to see an Arab armada bearing down on him off the coast of Phoenix (modern Finike) in Lycia. Constans' sons Constantine, Heraclius, and Tiberius had been associated on the throne since the 650s. [1][2] Constans is a nickname given to the Emperor, who had been baptized Herakleios and reigned officially as Constantine. Jerry Dias Wife, Anandamide Deficiency Treatment, 05 Nov 2020. Cheetham, Nicolas. Like so many of his predecessors, he faced endless revolts and usurpers and met his death at the hands of an assassin while taking a bath. In 361 Constantius was recalled to the West by the revolt of Julian, his caesar in Gaul since 355, but became ill on the way and died. Login For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide.Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week:Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications:Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted.Constans II had little time to warm the seat of his throne before he had to deal with the ever-expanding Arab Caliphate. Warren Treadgold, Byzantium and Its Army 284-1081 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995). When Constantine died in mysterious circumstances a few months later, Martina was able to act as regent for her son Heraklonas, even declaring herself co-emperor. He twice (339, 356) exiled the influential orthodox bishop of Alexandria, but the religious unity he sought was short-lived. JSTOR: The Last Consul: Basilius and His Diptych, JSTOR: The Iranian Factor in Byzantium during the Reign of Heraclius, A history of the later Roman empire from Arcadius to Irene, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Constans_II&oldid=171313, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Heraclius Constantinus or Flavius Constantinus. Mark is a history writer based in Italy. He attempted to end the Church’s divisive debate on Christ’s nature and will but succeeded in only antagonising the Popes and ensuring his name would be denigrated by Christian historians thereafter. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constans_II&oldid=984534105, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2012, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from January 2019, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Imperator Caesar Heraclius/Flavius Constantinus Augustus, This page was last edited on 20 October 2020, at 16:09. However, the latter resisted and Constans withdrew to Naples. Rumours spread that the Byzantines were suffering the wrath of God, angry at the emperor’s incestuous marriage to his own niece Martina. The Grinning Man Synopsis, Constans II (Greek: Κώνστας Β', Kōnstas II; Latin: Heraclius Constantinus Augustus or Flavius Constantinus Augustus; 7 November 630 – 15 September 668), also called Constantine the Bearded (Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Πωγωνάτος Kōnstantinos ho Pogonatos), was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 641 to 668. The truce that followed allowed a short respite and made it possible for Constans to hold on to the western portions of Armenia. Sometimes known as Constans Pogonatos (“the Bearded”), he came to the throne by a series of unlikely events and his empire was immediately challenged almost everywhere by the rising Arab Caliphate. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. In 659 CE a peace was signed between the two powers with the Byzantines having to pay a massive tribute. Constans responded by having the Constantinople Senate declare the Pope guilty of treason and exiling Martin to Cherson in the Crimea in 654 CE on the excuse that he had supported Olympios, the rebel governor of Byzantine Ravenna. During the journey from Benevento to Naples, Constans II was defeated by Mitolas, Count of Capua, near Pugna. Constantius II Augustus 337-361 Constantius joins the lengthy list of emperors whose career was marked by a seemingly endless series of wars both domestic and foreign. Meanwhile, Constans’ campaigns against the Lombards in Italy in 663 CE did not make much headway, although Sardinia had been held in 645 CE. Wallace And Gromit Moon Cheese Gif, Constans owed his rise to the throne to a popular reaction against his uncle and to the protection of the soldiers led by the general Valentinus. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. In 655 CE it did. Now Constans could turn to church matters once again. Ancient History Encyclopedia. By his wife Fausta, a daughter of the patrician Valentinus, Constans II had three sons: Byzantine Emperor of the Heraclian dynasty. Chang'an), its current ruler Taisson whose name meant "Son of God" (Chinese: Tianzi), and correctly pointed to its reunification by the Sui Dynasty (581–618) as occurring during the reign of Maurice, noting that China had previously been divided politically along the Yangzi River by two warring nations.[14]. Pope Martin was brought to Constantinople and condemned as a criminal, ultimately being exiled to Cherson, where he died in 655. Mergent Online Laurier, [12] The same books also described Constantinople in some detail as having massive granite walls and a water clock mounted with a golden statue of man. Now Constans could turn to church matters once again. However, the latter resisted and Constans withdrew to Naples. Constans was the son of Constantine III and Gregoria. Pope Martin I had condemned both Monothelitism and Constans' attempt to halt debates over it (the Type of Constans) in the Lateran Council of 649. [13][verification needed] These histories also record that the Arabs (Da shi 大食) sent their commander "Mo-yi" (Chinese: 摩拽伐之, Pinyin: Mó zhuāi fá zhī), to besiege the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, and forced the Byzantines to pay them tribute. «θὲς ἄλλῳ νὶκην», see Bury, John Bagnell (1889). Nishabdham Release Date, Constans was succeeded by his son, Constantine IV, who had already been crowned co-emperor in 654 CE and who would rule until 685 CE. The nickname established itself in Byzantine texts and has become standard in modern historiography. Was Genghis Khan’s empire very small? When Heraclius died in 641 CE, he had two heirs who ruled as co-emperors: Heraklonas (whose mother was Martina) and Constantine III (whose mother was Heraclius’ first wife Eudokia). 23-25;72-3. His special interests include pottery, architecture, world mythology and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share in common. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 07 December 2017 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Constans owed his rise to the throne to a popular reaction against his uncle and to the protection of the soldiers led by the general Valentinus. [citation needed] Constans was unhappy with this division, so the brothers met at Viminacium in 338 to revise the boundaries. Constans ordered Saburrus, the commander of his army, to attack again the Lombards, but he was defeated by the Beneventani at Forino, between Avellino and Salerno. Treadgold, Warren. In 648 the Arabs raided into Phrygia, and in 649 they launched their first maritime expedition against Crete. Biography of Constans II (excerpt) Constans II (Greek: Κώνστας Β', Kōnstas II), also called Constantine the Bearded (Kōnstantinos Pogonatos), (November 7, 630 – September 15, 668) was Byzantine emperor from 641 to 668. Only by switching clothes with an ordinary seaman did Constans escape while the entire fleet (and the unfortunate seaman) were sent to the bottom of the Mediterranean. How To End Tiktok, Steps Of Research Process, Constans was, nevertheless, received by the new Pope Vitalian in Rome on a visit in 663 CE. By his wife Fausta, a daughter of the patrician Valentinus, Constans II had three sons: From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Cite This Work Warren Treadgold, Byzantium and Its Army 284-1081 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995). The former was the more serious as it was the richest province in the empire and the most important source of grain. Transparent Shapes Google Slides, His subsequent moves in Calabria and Sardinia were marked by further strippings and request of tributes that enraged his Italian subjects. He organized the Anatolikon and Opsikion themes in Asia Minor against the Arabs, who continued to tear away at imperial possessions. Univision Contacto Teléfono, Constans owed his rise to the throne to a popular reaction against his uncle and to the protection of the soldiers led by the general Valentinus.
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