If a stretched rubber band is broken or cut, elastic energy 0000124545 00000 n This is known as the elastic rebound theory. As a fault rupture progresses along or up the fault, rock masses are flung in opposite directions and thus spring back to a position where there is less strain. x��W�r�H}���G��!�Aysmy/Y����*/����!3`��~� "�L�e@�g�O�9���'81��eǶAB�y����_(�ív �`����m����{�c��Q�C�ç�N����g�6,r��c���b W�=�{�0_�� H��"�ø:H���T��/��u~ �m�������ǧ�A�'����\�6K�VR�p[+%�:��a. When the earthquake occurs the distortion is released The elastic rebound theory of earthquake sources allows rough prediction of the occurrence of large shallow earthquakes. Select a subject to preview related courses: On March 11, 2011, a massive earthquake hit the coast of Japan, near the town of Sendai. Create your account, Already registered? [2] For over 100 years, elastic rebound theory [Gilbert, 1884; Reid, 1910] has been used to describe the behavior of faults and fault systems. %PDF-1.3 %���� The actual faulting associated with an earthquake may be complex, and it is often not clear whether in a particular earthquake the total energy issues from a single fault plane. A straight fence is built across Did you know the same forces that cause a rubber band to snap back into shape when you stretch it cause some of the world's worst earthquakes? The overall goal, of course, is to better understand earthquakes and to predict when they might strike in order to reduce damage and loss of life. is now referred to as the "elastic rebound theory" of earthquakes. 0000080073 00000 n 0000080004 00000 n If you have ever visited California, you may have experienced a small earthquake. The elastic rebound theory of earthquake sources allows rough prediction of the occurrence of large shallow earthquakes. According to the theory, a tectonic earthquake occurs when strains in rock masses have accumulated to a point where the. From an examination of the displacement of the ground surface 0000048235 00000 n 0000006483 00000 n Reid, H.F., The Mechanics of the Earthquake, The California Did you know… We have over 220 college of previously stored energy. 0000013988 00000 n Movement parallel to the dip is called dip-slip faulting. This gradual accumulation and release of stress and strain In certain areas of the Earth, tectonic plates, or the plates of rock that make up the crust, are running into each other. This gradual accumulation and release of stress and strain is now referred to as the "elastic rebound theory" of earthquakes. It is disasters like this recent earthquake that lead scientists to continue their work toward understanding elastic rebound and how to better predict its effects. Movement of different plates on opposite sides of a fault. Professor of Geology at Johns Hopkins University, concluded Just Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. The earthquake, however powerful it was, turned out to be only a minor portion of the overall disaster. After effects included a nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a tsunami, or giant wave. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. 0000005421 00000 n 0000124568 00000 n You can test out of the Each group represents one side of a fault. Similarly, the crust of the earth can gradually store elastic stress that is released suddenly during an earthquake. 0000008242 00000 n just create an account. ���[�Vz �6px����J. In this lesson, find out what elastic rebound is and why scientists study it in relation to earthquake activity. Free Online Literary Theory Courses: Where Can I Find Them? Elastic rebound, as demonstrated by a rubber band, is an important concept to understand when studying earthquakes and their effects. Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, What is an Earthquake? Earthquake - Earthquake - Tectonics: Tectonic earthquakes are explained by the so-called elastic rebound theory, formulated by the American geologist Harry Fielding Reid after the San Andreas Fault ruptured in 1906, generating the great San Francisco earthquake. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. This often leads to one of the plates being forced beneath the other in a process called subduction. 0000002476 00000 n 0000011602 00000 n
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