The planet and its host star were selected by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as part of a competition for giving proper names to exoplanets and their host stars, for some systems that did not already have proper names. The lower illustrations show the corresponding features for the two stars' outer systems. 0000008738 00000 n [9] Its proximity makes it one of the most studied stars of its spectral type. [112], Observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope suggest that Epsilon Eridani actually has two asteroid belts and a cloud of exozodiacal dust. The postulated Epsilon Eridani c would orbit at a distance of 40 AU, with an eccentricity of 0.3 and a period of 280 years. Here you can see how to pronounce these names in a British English style. The measured periods range from 10.8 to 12.3 days. 0000001964 00000 n The way many of the names are spelled and pronounced today varies in each country. Taking m sin i in the middle of that range at 0.78, and estimating the inclination at 30°, this yields a value of 1.55 ± 0.24 Jupiter masses for the planet's mass. [37][44] The star catalogue of English astronomer John Flamsteed, published in 1712, gave Epsilon Eridani the Flamsteed designation of 18 Eridani, because it was the eighteenth catalogued star in the constellation of Eridanus by order of increasing right ascension. Its rotation period is 11.2 days at the equator. In Norse mythology, Aegir and Ran are a married couple that lives under the sea. Planets more than 150% as massive as Jupiter can be ruled out at the inner edge of the debris disk at 30–35 AU. [85], Epsilon Eridani has a higher level of magnetic activity than the Sun, and thus the outer parts of its atmosphere (the chromosphere and corona) are more dynamic. 0000013883 00000 n The total proper motion μ can be computed from: Dictionary of Nomenclature of Celestial Objects. She stirs up the tempests that swallow ships beneath the angry waves, or shatters their hulls against the jagged rocks lurking beneath the swells. endstream endobj 368 0 obj <>/Metadata 20 0 R/Pages 19 0 R/StructTreeRoot 22 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 369 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 370 0 obj <> endobj 371 0 obj <> endobj 372 0 obj <> endobj 373 0 obj <>stream If the belt has existed for longer than this period, which appears likely, it imposes an upper limit on Epsilon Eridani b's eccentricity of about 0.10–0.15. [124], A young star such as Epsilon Eridani can produce large amounts of ultraviolet radiation that may be harmful to life, but on the other hand it is a cooler star than our Sun and so produces less ultraviolet radiation to start with. The peak emission occurs at an angular radius of 18 arcseconds, which corresponds to a radius of about 60 AU. 0000001206 00000 n When collisions between the dust grains are taken into account, the dust will reproduce the observed infrared spectrum and brightness. The average magnetic field strength of Epsilon Eridani across the entire surface is (1.65 ± 0.30) × 10−2 tesla,[86] which is more than forty times greater than the (5–40) × 10−5 T magnetic-field strength in the Sun's photosphere. 0000011499 00000 n [87] The magnetic properties can be modelled by assuming that regions with a magnetic flux of about 0.14 T randomly cover approximately 9% of the photosphere, whereas the remainder of the surface is free of magnetic fields. Al-Sufi's estimate of Epsilon Eridani's magnitude was 3. The eccentricity of 0.7 suggested by some observers is inconsistent with the presence of the proposed asteroid belt at a distance of 3 AU. [69] The inner cavity of the disk may be explained by the presence of additional planets. 0000024004 00000 n The luminosity class V (dwarf) is assigned to stars that are undergoing thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in their core. [37][38], Epsilon Eridani was included in several star catalogues of medieval Islamic astronomical treatises, which were based on Ptolemy's catalogue: in Al-Sufi's Book of Fixed Stars, published in 964, Al-Biruni's Mas'ud Canon, published in 1030, and Ulugh Beg's Zij-i Sultani, published in 1437. Bode's catalogue was based on observations of various astronomers, including Bode himself, but mostly on Lalande's and Lacaille's (for the southern sky). It is thought that the temple dedicated to her cult was in the northern part of the city. Despite being a relatively bright star, it was not given a proper name by early astronomers. [89][note 4] The axial tilt of Epsilon Eridani toward the line of sight from Earth is highly uncertain: estimates range from 24° to 72°. [55] This movement implied it was relatively close to the Sun,[56] making it a star of interest for the purpose of stellar parallax measurements. [64], In 1987, the detection of an orbiting planetary object was announced by Bruce Campbell, Gordon Walker and Stephenson Yang. for papers, reports, projects, ideas, documentation, surveys, summaries, or thesis. 0000002879 00000 n 0000020647 00000 n [115], As one of the nearest Sun-like stars, Epsilon Eridani has been the target of many attempts to search for planetary companions. Hence, the current dust disk must have been created by collisions or other effects of larger parent bodies, and the disk represents a late stage in the planet-formation process. [80] Epsilon Eridani is located in the northern part of the constellation Eridanus, about 3° east of the slightly brighter star Delta Eridani. Type: Goddess These are the white-robed Billow Girls known as the Wave Maidens. Inside this radius, the dust must consist of silicate grains that lack volatiles. The constellation Eridanus was named by Ptolemy (Ancient Greek: Ποταμού, River), and Epsilon Eridani was listed as its thirteenth star. Its number in order of appearance is 786. 0000002564 00000 n [20] It is a main-sequence star of spectral class K2, which means that energy generated at the core through nuclear fusion of hydrogen is emitted from the surface at a temperature of about 5,000 K (8,500 °F), giving it an orange hue. This is similar to the estimated 10 Earth masses in the primordial Kuiper belt. The clumps in the dust occur at orbits that have an integer resonance with the orbit of the suspected planet. 0000008234 00000 n [19][100] The estimated age of this group is 500±100 million years,[101] which lies within the range of the age estimates for Epsilon Eridani. [89], The magnetic field on the surface of Epsilon Eridani causes variations in the hydrodynamic behaviour of the photosphere. [37][38], In 1598 Epsilon Eridani was included in Tycho Brahe's star catalogue, republished in 1627 by Johannes Kepler as part of his Rudolphine Tables. 367 33 [69] Alternatively, the clumpiness may have been caused by collisions between minor planets known as plutinos. This emission is interpreted as coming from a young analogue of the Solar System's Kuiper belt: a compact dusty disk structure surrounding Epsilon Eridani. Variations of 15 m s−1 were measured over a 20 year period, which is much higher than the measurement uncertainty of 3 m s−1. "DB5�/����V(�#�(�>��~%�����ǒ}aⰢ��s�y�pE���܈�����+���4*#�����5�Ⴝ��p��nrX*��K�F�R@K`�ȤF/�]oj1�IO���0�%xl-�k�ʹ�k���X�I�U�N]Ɔ�O�� ǣ?������q���HR����8�>��'pu $@@ *}���dͯ^q��P��ց;�O7R�Ft��e�pRT�n�/��:���:�q�ù4�c�aħ-h�o��"���$L����[��!���f,��d���Δ:�:�.�ls����] CH)��td2p.��KDfu/Uw��Xa�X՜F�H�J�2Z-F�(F�`���w�$���D���>��H��(����:�q����A���b�)�C��f��o [47�i� .Ǥ^�A�aѭE;�^��,M�$���Jqq�d�Q'�b�+"�]̹�&|��tU�j�Mn:�����j4�7(.U�v�cJ1[j--�3���|�F_M�h�F�u�[;�=�?��>{���j��#��cߵ���%f����֒l�x7�h�M�y��J�C-���V?��3?���9k=�^�jmeZ%�fp���;��� �^���B���K�YG!�ׂ�X>ªJ��u:���ʥ��� ��]Q ����0Fݻ��ņ����1p>8su� �N��w�_�eo�G �*�+�� U�� For example, the region of the disk that completes two orbits for every three orbits of a planet is in a 3:2 orbital resonance. Comparison of the planets and debris belts in the Solar System to the Epsilon Eridani system. �&� 3� This behaviour suggests that the moving group originated in an open cluster that has since diffused. The modern designations of its entry in Ulugh Beg's catalogue are "U 781" and "Eri 13" (the latter is the same as Ptolemy's catalogue designation). In Chinese, 天苑 (Tiān Yuàn), meaning Celestial Meadows, refers to an asterism consisting of ε Eridani, γ Eridani, δ Eridani, π Eridani, ζ Eridani, η Eridani, π Ceti, τ1 Eridani, τ2 Eridani, τ3 Eridani, τ4 Eridani, τ5 Eridani, τ6 Eridani, τ7 Eridani, τ8 Eridani and τ9 Eridani. If the planet Epsilon Eridani b exists then this belt is unlikely to have had a source outside the orbit of the planet, so the dust may have been created by fragmentation and cratering of larger bodies such as asteroids. [70] Project Ozma, led by astronomer Frank Drake, used the Tatel Telescope to search for such signals from the nearby Sun-like stars Epsilon Eridani and Tau Ceti. See more » Flyting. The time scale for all of the dust in the disk to be cleared away by these processes is less than Epsilon Eridani's estimated age. 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