Image by: Parent Géry (Wikimedia Commons; Public Domain). Image by: Philippe Bourjon (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 Public Domain Dedication). Type of Cells: Single nucleus, single external membrane Spicules: Silica Spongin Fibers: In many species Massive Exoskeleton: Never Body Form: Sylleibid or leuconoid (21). Actualmente son consideradas como una clase aparte, y se reconoce un único orden: Homosclerophorida Dendy, 1905. The order is composed of two families: Plakinidae and Oscarellidae. In: Maldonado M, Turon X, Becerro MA, Uriz MJ (eds) Ancient Animals, New Challenges. Homoscleromorphs or, sometimes, "homosclerophorids") are usually encrusting sponges, found all over the world in cool to tropical marine environments growing like underwater lichen on the surface of hard substrates. 416–427, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict042, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Key features of group: leucon body form, small tetraxonic silica spicules if present. Sponges are known to possess remarkable reconstitutive and regenerative abilities ranging from common wounding or body part regeneration to more impressive re-building of a functional body from dissociated cells. Revisiting metazoan phylogeny with genomic sampling of all phyla. Image by: 'Waielbi' (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Public Domain Dedication). Hydrobiologia: 687, pp. Homoscleromorpha are exclusively marine sponges that tend to encrust on other surfaces at shallow depths. Boury-Esnault, N., Lavrov, D.V., Ruiz, C.A., Pérez, T., 2013. Oscarella lobularis. A few preserved spicules from the Carboniferous could potentially be from a homoscleromorph sponge, but definitive records are only known from the Mesozoic. Gazave, E. et al. Original caption: "A. Oscarella lobularis (Oscarellidae): two color morphs from NW Mediterranean Sea (photos courtesy of Jean Vacelet & Thierry Pérez); B. Plakortis simplex (Plakinidae) specimen hanging from the ceiling of the 3PPs cave (NW Mediterranean Sea), a paradise for Homoscleromorpha species (at least 8 species belonging to 4 different genera are present); red arrow indicates the presence of Oscarella microlobata and a green arrow Plakina jani (photo courtesy Thierry Pérez); C. Plakina jani (Plakinidae) detail of the lobes, 3PPs cave (NW Mediterranean Sea) (photo courtesy Jean Vacelet); D. Spicules of Plakinidae: triods, diods and lophose calthrops; E. Spicules of Corticium candelabrum (Plakinidae): calthrops and candelabrum (heterolophose calthrops); F. Corticium candelabrum NW Mediterranean Sea (photos courtesy of Jean Vacelet)." Homosclerophorida is an order of marine sponges. Reproduction is viviparous and the larva is an oval form known as an amphiblastula. Sponge leucon body plan modified from original image by 'Philcha' (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Public Domain Dedication). Las Homoscleromorpha se caracterizan por presentar un esqueleto variable (con o sin espículas de silíce). [5], There are 117 species in this group divided into 9 genera.[6]. –– 6. Early sponge evolution: A review and phylogenetic framework. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67(1), 223–233. This page uses Google Analytics. Recent studies are exploring sponge diversity within cave environments, where Homoscleromorpha may be more prevalent. This page was written by Jaleigh Q. Pier. 2.ª Edición. Presentan lámina basal que delimita las capas internas (tejidos). [8][9], On the basis of molecular and morphological evidence, the two families Plakinidae and Oscarellidae have been reinstated. They have a leucon body plan and small tetraxon spicules. Porifera A few preserved spicules from the Carboniferous could potentially be from a homoscleromorph sponge, but definitive records are only known from the Mesozoic. Homoscleromorpha ←. Hydrobiologia. Highly simplified overview of porifera phylogeny based in part on the hypothesis of relationships presented by, Homoscleromorpha. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. –– 3. By (Van Soest et al., 2012) (Wikimedia Commons; Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Public Domain Dedication). These sponges typically inhabit shady locations, under overhangs and inside caves. Spicule image by Jaleigh Q. Pier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Se reconocen 117 especies agrupadas en 9 géneros. It is the only order in the monotypic class Homoscleromorpha. In one study, 70% of all Homoscleromorpha families and genera of the Mediterranean Sea were discovered within caves of the region. By, A sea cucumber on a chicken liver sponge (, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Public Domain Dedication, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 Public Domain Dedication. Ecologically, they usually favor relatively shallow marine shelves, but some species may also be found at depths approaching 1000 m. Las Homoscleromorpha se caracterizan por presentar un esqueleto variable (con o sin espículas de silíce). A sea cucumber on a chicken liver sponge (Plakortis sp.) Homoscleromorphs have an extremely poor fossil record due to their tiny spicules and encrusting forms, which rarely preserve well. Primarily, their body consists of a thin sheet of cells over a frame (skeleton). Stromatoporoidea Palaeoworld: 27, pp. [5][6], It has been suggested that Homoscleromorpha are more closely related to eumetazoans than to the other sponge groups, rendering sponges paraphyletic. Since water is vital to sponges for excretion, feeding, and gas exchange, their body structure facilitates the movement of water through the sponge.
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